📄 Category

pharmacology and toxicology

94 papers

Pharmacology and toxicology explore how substances interact with living systems, ranging from the development of life-saving medicines to understanding the dangers of chemical exposure. This field sits at the critical intersection of chemistry and biology, asking essential questions about how drugs work, how the body processes them, and what happens when things go wrong. It is a dynamic area where researchers constantly strive to improve patient safety while discovering new therapeutic possibilities.

At Gist.Science, we bridge the gap between complex research and public understanding by curating the latest preprints from bioRxiv in this vital category. Our team processes every new submission from bioRxiv as it appears, transforming dense scientific data into both plain-language overviews and detailed technical summaries. This ensures that whether you are a specialist or a curious reader, you can grasp the significance of these emerging findings without getting lost in jargon.

Below are the most recent pharmacology and toxicology papers from bioRxiv, each accompanied by our expert analysis to help you navigate the latest scientific breakthroughs.

📄 pharmacology and toxicology

Nonlinear Mixed-Effects and Full Bayesian Population Pharmacokinetic Analysis of Ceftolozane-Tazobactam in Critically Ill Patients

This study demonstrates that incorporating literature-derived priors into Bayesian hierarchical modeling enables a more robust and physiologically consistent population pharmacokinetic characterization of ceftolozane-tazobactam in critically ill patients with small sample sizes, overcoming the limitations of traditional nonlinear mixed-effects modeling to better optimize dosing strategies.

Okunska, P., Borys, M., Rypulak, E., Piwowarczyk, P., Szczukocka, M., Raszewski, G., Czuczwar, M., Wiczling, P.2026-03-26
📄 pharmacology and toxicology

Chronotherapy as a Potential Strategy to Reduce Ifosfamide-Induced Encephalopathy: A Preclinical Study in a Murine Model

This preclinical study demonstrates that administering Ifosfamide at 13 Hours After Light Onset (HALO) in mice significantly minimizes multi-organ toxicity, including encephalopathy, by aligning treatment with the drug's circadian tolerance peak.

Chennoufi, M. M., Dridi, D., Lasram, K., Ben Abdeljalil, N., Omezzine, A., Mauvieux, B., Touitou, Y., Boughattas, N. A. (…)2026-03-25
📄 pharmacology and toxicology

In vitro investigation and evaluation of the antidiabetic potential of the ethanolic extract of Asparagus racemosus using starch digestion, glucose diffusion, glucose uptake, and DPPH assays

This study demonstrates that the ethanolic extract of *Asparagus racemosus* exhibits significant antidiabetic potential by inhibiting carbohydrate digestion and absorption, enhancing glucose uptake, and displaying antioxidant activity, likely due to its rich content of phytochemicals such as flavonoids and saponins.

Rahman, M. S., Hannan, J., Tasnim, R., Bhuiyan, M. M. M., Basu, C., Sammo, S. H., Sarkar, B. C., Islam, S. T., khan, S.2026-03-25
📄 pharmacology and toxicology

Integrated evaluation of immune system perturbation using structural, functional and cellular immunotoxicity endpoints in rats

This study demonstrates that an integrated evaluation framework combining structural, functional, and cellular immunotoxicity endpoints in rats effectively characterizes immune system perturbation by showing concordant evidence of lymphoid depletion, impaired adaptive immune responses, and specific lymphocyte subset reductions induced by a reference immunosuppressive compound.

Lomash, V., Srinivasan, M., Pitthala, M., Sayeed, A., Venkatesan, G., Joseph, B.2026-03-25
📄 pharmacology and toxicology

Anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory Effects of Aerosolised microalgal-derived extracellular vesicles in Bronchial Epithelial-Macrophage Co-cultures at the Air-Liquid Interface

This study demonstrates that aerosolized nanoalgosomes derived from the marine microalga *Tetraselmis chuii* are non-cytotoxic, preserve epithelial barrier integrity, and effectively mitigate oxidative stress and inflammation in bronchial epithelial-macrophage co-cultures, highlighting their potential as a safe and sustainable therapeutic strategy for chronic inflammatory lung diseases.

Darwish, W., Adamo, G., Almasaleekh, M., Picciotto, S., Gargano, P., Romancino, D., Raccosta, S., Zimmermann, R., Manno (…)2026-03-23
📄 pharmacology and toxicology

Anti-inflammatory and pro-proliferative effects of fasudil in human trisomy 21 neural progenitor cells

This study demonstrates that the ROCK inhibitor fasudil exhibits beneficial anti-inflammatory and pro-proliferative effects on human trisomy 21 neural progenitor cells, suggesting its potential as a candidate prenatal pharmacotherapy for Down syndrome.

Baxter, L. L., Lee, S., Fuentes, K., Mosley, I., Raymond, J., Guedj, F., Slonim, D., Zhou, D., Glotfelty, E., Tweedie, D (…)2026-03-20
📄 pharmacology and toxicology

Polypharmacology of an Optimal Kinase Library

This study presents a comprehensive kinome-wide profiling of 192 diverse kinase inhibitors, revealing that polypharmacology is widespread and independent of regulatory approval, with many approved drugs exhibiting potent off-target effects on understudied kinases that complicate mechanism-of-action studies but offer opportunities for drug repurposing and toxicity prediction.

Mills, C. E., Hug, C., Sajeevan, K. A., Clark, N., Victor, C., Chung, M., Rawat, S., Aldridge, B., Albers, M. W., Chowdh (…)2026-03-19
📄 pharmacology and toxicology

Antidepressants interact with sex steroid receptors and their intracellular signaling components

This study demonstrates through computational and experimental methods that antidepressants interact with estrogen receptors, suggesting that their clinical efficacy may partly stem from modulating hormone signaling pathways in addition to their effects on monoaminergic targets.

Arjmand, S., Rezaei, M., Sardella, D., Cecchi, C. R., Rossi, R., Vaegter, C. B., Müller, H. K., Sahana, J., Nielsen, M. (…)2026-03-19